Philip ii of spain spouse

For the Spanish Jesuit priest and theologian, see Francisco de Toledo (Jesuit).

Francisco Álvarez de Toledo (Oropesa, 10 July 1515 – Escalona, 21 April 1582), also known as The ViceroyalSolon,^[1] was an aristocrat and soldier of the Kingdom of Spain and the fifth Viceroy of Peru.

Often regarded as the "best of Peru's viceroys",^[2] he is as often denounced for the negative impact his administration had on the Indigenous peoples of Peru.^[3]

Toledo brought stability to a tumultuous viceroyalty of Spain and enacted administrative policies which changed the character of Spanish colonial rule and the relationship between the Indigenous peoples of the Andes and their Spanish overlords.^[4] With a policy called "reductions", Toledo forcibly relocated many of the Indigenous peoples of Peru and Bolivia into new settlements in order to enforce their Christianization, collect tributes and taxes, and gather Indigenous labo